Groundwater Quality and quantity

 Due to rising water demand and difficulties with worldwide scarcity, worries regarding water-saving technology and the hydrochemical characteristics of groundwater quality and quantity have grown. Over 86.8% of the water used is used for agriculture. Due to crop increase and poor water usage efficiency, there is a great demand for sophisticated water resource management approaches. In developing nations with unreliable data on irrigation water consumption, research is especially important to improve sustainable and long-term water management.

Groundwater quality can be used to maximize water availability for irrigation in locations with excessively dry climates. In addition, the hydrochemical study assesses the essential water quality indicators to determine if groundwater is acceptable for irrigation. On the other hand, the reasonable development of the crop-growing zone has resulted in a significant increase in irrigation water demand. There are both quantitative and qualitative difficulties.

Through the adoption of new irrigation technology, such as sprinkler and drip irrigation               systems, irrigation methods might be improved as part of efficient water management, which would save costs and effort while maximizing benefits. The modern irrigation systems can be met this urgent water demand because of the progressive rise of roughly 16.57 million m³ per year brought on by the expansion of the cultivated area in a place like the Elkharga oasis. Modern irrigation systems can expand the area that is irrigated by 45% while using 32% less irrigation water compared to traditional irrigation methods. Approximately 16.57 million m³/total area/year more water is needed for irrigation, which represents a continual rise.

Total yearly irrigation water requirements for all crops were 199.4, 215.1, and 231.7 million m3/year, respectively, demonstrating a progressive increase of roughly 16.57 million m3/total area/year due to crop expansion. When compared to traditional irrigation methods, contemporary irrigation technologies cut irrigation water use by 32% while increasing cultivated area by 45%. During the dry season from March to July, severe groundwater loss occurred, exacerbating water stress in the study region. The findings revealed that the region is experiencing water stress. As a result, water conservation is strongly advised.

If irrigation efficiency had increased, real irrigation techniques would have allowed for a reduction in the predicted irrigation water requirement, which would have allowed for an increase in the amount of land that could be cultivated. By utilising the extra water available by conservation irrigation methods, the enhanced irrigation systems may have been able to eliminate the considerable shortfall during the peak demand months while also increasing the amount of agricultural land.